Credit: OUTA
This opinion piece was written by Dr. Ogone Motlogeloa
South Africa is confronting a severe crisis where climate change and declining water quality intersect, leading to a significant impact on public health and the environment. This crisis affects all facets of South African life, demanding a robust, multi-faceted approach that includes nationwide water security and comprehensive health strategies. The country faces a reality where failing infrastructure and environmental neglect have direct consequences on public health.
The recent cholera outbreaks in locales such as the Vaal River underscore the urgency of these threats. Globally, more than 500 000 cases of cholera were reported in 2023 most of which were in developing countries. Cholera, induced by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, is a formidable public health hazard, particularly in areas like South Africa where both infrastructure and healthcare systems are under immense pressure. This highly virulent disease can cause severe, acute watery diarrhoea that leads to dehydration and death within hours if left untreated. Outbreaks are intimately tied to poor access to safe water and sanitation, conditions often worsened by pervasive corruption and inadequate public health frameworks.
Adding to this peril, climate change amplifies the risks associated with waterborne diseases by disrupting traditional weather patterns. According to the World Meteorological Organisation Secretary-General Celeste Saulo “water is the canary in the coalmine of climate change.” Climate change is being felt through more frequent and severe floods and droughts. Floods compromise sanitation facilities and water purification systems, spreading contaminants from overwhelmed sewers and waste channels into the water bodies that communities rely on for drinking, bathing and cooking. Conversely, drought conditions force communities to rely on potentially contaminated water sources that would normally be avoided. Increased temperatures also play a direct role by enhancing the conditions favourable for the pathogens that cause waterborne diseases to thrive and multiply. In areas already struggling with infrastructure deficits, these climate-related impacts can drastically increase the incidence of diseases.
Corruption severely aggravates these health crises. Funds designated for the improvement of water infrastructure and health services often do not reach their intended targets due to mismanagement and graft. In Hammanskraal for example, a tender for R292 million to upgrade the Rooiwal Wastewater Treatment Plant was awarded to Edwin Sodi, but the work was apparently not completed. In Mogale City, the council prioritised vanity projects allocating money to construct a new building rather than fix the Percy Steward Wastewater Treatment Works. This results in failed service delivery, where communities continue to struggle with unreliable water supplies and poor sanitation, the key drivers of cholera. The cycle of corruption and poor infrastructure not only hinders the response to cholera outbreaks but also prevents the implementation of preventative measures.
Citizen science can play a crucial role in addressing health threats such as cholera in the context of climate change. By engaging local communities in monitoring water quality and reporting issues in real-time, citizen scientists help bridge the gap between affected populations and health authorities. This grassroots involvement aids in the early detection of cholera pathogens in water supplies, enabling quicker responses to prevent the spread of the disease.
Moreover, citizen science initiatives contribute to the development of climate adaptation strategies. By collecting local environmental data, communities can help formulate plans that address the specific vulnerabilities they face due to climate change, such as securing safe water sources and improving sanitation in anticipation of extreme weather events.
The link between climate change, water management and public health is profound. By integrating government action with community engagement and leveraging citizen science through initiatives like WaterCAN, South Africa can address these challenges holistically. This strategy will not only enhance the quality of life and health for South Africans but also ensure a sustainable water future. As we approach a day of action on climate change, let us seize this moment for transformative action, ensuring clean, accessible water for all South Africans. This is our call to action, emphasizing the critical need to protect our water resources before they reach a point of irrevocable decline.
About WaterCAN:
WaterCAN is a dedicated environmental organisation committed to preserving and protecting South Africa’s water resources. With a mission to promote responsible water management and raise awareness about water quality, the organisation empowers communities to become proactive stewards of their local water sources. If you would like to support our work, kindly Donate Here.
